Diagnosis and staging of cancer
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Diagnosis and staging of cancer
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Diagnosis and staging of cancer. The diagnosis of cancer involves conducting imaging study that includes computer tomography (CT) and x-rays or ultrasonography (NCI, 2015). For instance, an individual with persistent headache and vision can undergo brain CT. While these tests can indicate the location, presence and size of abnormal mass, they cannot establish if cancer is the cause. Therefore, cancer is diagnosed using biopsy and tumor markers. Cancer can be detected by collecting a piece of tissue using a scalpel to establish the existence of cancerous cells (NCI, 2015). Conversely, measuring the level of blood of tumor markers can present further evidence for detecting cancer. However, certain tumor markers cannot be evaluated in blood but rather on tumor cells such as Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and EFGR (EFGR) (Iqbal & Iqbal, 2014). The markers can be obtained by evaluating tissues from the biopsy sample.
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