Biology 204 Principles of Biology I

Biology 204 Principles of Biology I
Assignment 1C

For students with first names starting with the letters O to Z.
This assignment is graded out of 110 points, and is worth 10% of your final mark. Please submit this assignment after you have completed Chapter 7 and before you write the midterm exam.
A. Definition/Comparison Questions
Instructions: In your own words, define the pairs of terms given below. Write in complete sentences, stating the differences and relationships between the two terms, and give specific examples where appropriate.
A complete answer usually requires four to eight sentences.
Each question is worth four marks, for a total of 40 marks.
evolution / selection
exergonic / exothermic
allosteric inhibition / feedback inhibition
peripheral membrane proteins / integral membrane proteins
prokaryotic / eukaryotic
enzymes / ribozymes
active membrane transport / passive membrane transport
ATP / ADP
alcohol fermentation / lactate fermentation
light dependent reactions / light independent reactions

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Biology 204 Principles of Biology I
Assignment 1C

B. Short Answer/Short Essay Questions
Instructions: Answer each of the questions given below in your own words. Write in complete sentences where appropriate. A complete answer usually requires one to two sentences per mark, so a three-mark question would be answered in three to six sentences. This section is worth a total of 40 marks.
(6 marks) 1. Explain the theory of endosymbiosis. What is the evidence in favour
of this theory?
(4 marks) 2. What is the panspermia hypothesis? What evidence supports it?
(6 marks) 3. Compare and contrast the types of molecules transported by simple
diffusion, by osmosis, and by facilitated diffusion. How are these
types of movement different from active transport?
(4 marks) 4. Currently the earth’s atmosphere has more than 20% oxygen.
What is the origin of that oxygen, and how has the content of
the atmosphere changed over time?
(3 marks) 5. Describe the structure, organization, and functions of microtubules.
(3 marks) 6. What is a sodium-potassium pump?
(6 marks) 7. What is glycolysis? Describe input and output and the two major phases.
(3 marks) 8. What is uncoupling? How is it used physiologically by some organisms?
(3 marks) 9. List the main points of the cell theory.
(2 marks) 10. Which property of rubisco leads to the problem of photorespiration?
C. Multiple Choice Questions
Instructions: Select the single best answer to each of the questions given below. Each question is worth one mark, for a total of 30 marks.
Which of the following statements about the damaging effects of light and UV radiation is NOT correct?
Proteins of the photosynthesis apparatus may become damaged by radiation.
Ozone prevents UV-A and UV-B radiation from reaching the surface of the Earth.
Ultraviolet radiation may ionize important molecules like DNA.
Melanin prevents radiation damage by absorbing UV radiation.
Carotenoids have a protective function for photosystems.
Ommatidia are
single cells that act as photoreceptors.
eyespots in some protists.
crucial pigments of photosynthesis.
organs that produce bioluminescence.
units of compound eyes of insects.
Which of the following statements about bioluminescence is correct?
It is only found in marine organisms.
ATP is produced in the process of bioluminescence.
Energy input is required.
A large amount of heat is produced.
Bioluminescence is triggered by UV radiation.
Which of the following properties does NOT apply to viruses?
They have their own metabolism.
They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA).
They can evolve.
They can reproduce.
They can infect living cells.
Which of the following structures are absent in bacteria?
ribosomes
cell walls
nucleoids
mitochondria
plasma membranes
Which of the following is NOT true for bacteria?
They have a higher surface-volume ratio than eukaryotes.
They are more versatile than eukaryotes with regard to metabolism.
They use ATP for energy storage.
They have an extensive endomembrane system.
They have electron transport chains.
Which of the following answers is NOT true for photoautotrophs?
They use organic substances as a carbon source.
They use light as an energy source.
They include plants.
They include some photosynthetic bacteria.
They require CO2.
Which of the following argument(s) support(s) the idea of evolution?
All organisms have the same genetic code.
All organisms use ATP as their energy currency.
All cells have membranes with lipid bilayers.
Islands have a unique assemblage of species originating from adaptive radiation.
all of the above
At the equator, the sun shines directly overhead
in March.
in June.
in December.
in summer.
throughout the year.

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Biology 204 Principles of Biology I
Assignment 1C

Which of the following statements about entropy is FALSE?
Entropy refers to the second law of thermodynamics.
To increase entropy, energy must be used.
Organisms eat food to maintain low entropy.
Entropy is a measure of disorder.
The entropy of the universe is constantly increasing.
Which of the following factors influence(s) the performance of an enzyme?
pH
temperature
activators
inhibitors
all of the above
How is ATP used in most cell processes?
It binds to a substrate and provides energy when the phosphate group is released.
indirectly, by providing electrons to an acceptor
Hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to an endergonic reaction.
It increases the efficiency of some key enzymes.
none of the above
Enzymes function by
lowering the activation energy required.
changing the shape of a substrate.
bringing reactants together.
exposing a substrate to positive or negative charges.
all of the above.
Which of the following is TRUE about enzymes?
They lower the ΔG of a substrate.
They usually have a carbohydrate component.
They supply free energy to a reaction.
They can be affected by temperature.
all of the above
Which of the following statements about ATP is NOT true?
The concentration of ATP in cells is much higher than that of ADP.
The hydrolysis of ATP is an exergonic reaction.
The synthesis of ATP is endergonic.
The cell continuously regenerates ATP from ADP.
When coupled to an endergonic reaction, most of the free energy of ATP is released as heat.
Which of the following statements about osmosis is NOT correct?
It occurs across a membrane.
It is a special form of diffusion.
Only water flows across a membrane.
In hypertonic surroundings, water will flow into cells.
Osmosis is based on a concentration difference.
Which of the following is NOT true about channel proteins?
Substances move along a concentration gradient.
They are integral membrane proteins.
Movement of substances is based on diffusion.
Energy is required to move substances through the channel protein.
Ions can move through channel proteins.
Which term would you associate most with facilitated diffusion?
proton pumps
Ca2+ pumps
Na+/K+ pumps
carrier proteins
electrochemical gradient
Which process CANNOT move particles, water, or solutes into a cell?
osmosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which term would you associate with exchange diffusion?
osmosis
active transport
facilitated diffusion
passive transport
peripheral membrane protein
Which of the following is NOT true for fermentation?
It produces less energy than aerobic respiration.
It uses excess NAD+ to regenerate NADH.
It includes glycolysis.
It does not include an electron transport chain.
Oxygen is not the terminal electron acceptor.
The citric acid cycle take place
in the chloroplasts.
in the cytosol.
in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
between the two mitochondrial membranes.
in the mitochondrial matrix.
Which of the following terms does NOT apply to chemiosmosis?
glycolysis
proton-motive force
oxidative phosphorylation
ATP synthase
inner mitochondrial membrane
The high concentration of protons in the intermembrane space of mitochondria originates from
glycolysis.
pyruvate oxidation.
reactions in the electron transport chain.
synthesis of ATP.
all of the above.
Which of the following substances is/are involved in the regulation of aerobic respiration?
ATP
citrate
NADH
AMP
all of the above
In the absence of the light reactions of photosynthesis, which components would be required to make the Calvin cycle proceed?
water and light
chlorophyll a
ATP and NADPH
only NADPH
carotenoids and chlorophyll
Which of the following is NOT correct for rubisco?
It is the most abundant enzyme.
It catalyzes two different reactions.
It is involved in photorespiration.
It is not used by CAM plants.
It is not efficient in fixing CO2.
Which of the following is NOT true for CAM plants?
They lack bundle sheath cells.
They do not use the Calvin cycle.
They are common in hot, dry environments.
PEP carboxylase is a key enzyme.
CAM plants prevent photorespiration.
Which of the following components is not crucial for cyclic electron transport in photosynthesis?
photosystem I
photosystem II
light
ferredoxin
plastocyanin
To produce two molecules of O2, how many photons must be absorbed through photosynthesis?
4
8
16
32
none of the above
— End of Assignment 1C —

By admin in Essays on November 22, 2015