Clinical Applications

Clinical Applications

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Health Information Systems can be divided into two areas: administrative and clinical. Administrative information systems support administrative tasks such as personnel, staffing, financing, resources, etc. Administrative information systems are concerned with improving the efficiency of human resources departments and healthcare executives. Clinical information systems collect information about patients and their healthcare.

As healthcare information technology emerges, information systems are being developed to work together across providers, agencies, and patients, thus transforming the system into patient-centered healthcare by managing medical information and providing a secure exchange of information. Utilizing technology can benefit the patient and provider by improving healthcare quality, reducing medical errors, increasing efficiency of care, reducing unnecessary healthcare costs, expanding access to affordable care, and improving population health.

Clinical Applications

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Some tools that are used to collect medical information are the following:

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) – “Electronic medical record systems lie at the center of any computerised health information system. Without them other modern technologies such as decision support systems cannot be effectively integrated into routine clinical workflow. The paperless, interoperable, multi-provider, multi-specialty, multi-discipline computerised medical record, which has been a goal for many researchers, healthcare professionals, administrators and politicians for the past 20+ years, is however about to become reality in many western countries.” http://www.openclinical.org/emr.html

Clinical Applications

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Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) – “Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) refers to any system in which clinicians directly enter medication orders (and, increasingly, tests and procedures) into a computer system, which then transmits the order directly to the pharmacy. These systems have become increasingly common in the inpatient setting as a strategy to reduce medication errors. A CPOE system, at a minimum, ensures standardized, legible, and complete orders and thus has the potential to greatly reduce errors at the ordering and transcribing stages.” (AHQR.com, 2009) http://www.psnet.ahrq.gov/primer.aspx?primerID=6

Telehealth – “…[T]he delivery of healthcare from a distance. Modern technology has made it possible for patients to receive healthcare in many different ways. Technologies such as telephones, email, computers, interactive video, digital imaging, and healthcare monitoring devices, make it possible for clinicians to monitor, diagnose and treat patients without having to physically be with them. Telehealth is a broad term that covers any type of healthcare that is delivered remotely. Surfing the Internet for information about cancer, telephoning a nurse hotline, emailing a physician, sending data from a heart monitor via the telephone to a cardiologist—all of these things are applications of telehealth.” www.telemed.org/consumer/whatis.asp

Telemedicine – “…[A] subset of telehealth. It includes many medical subspecialties, such as telepediatrics, telepsychiatry, teleradiology and telecardiology. Specialties such as telepediatrics and telepsychiatry are practiced by using live videoconferencing systems. A pediatric or psychiatry visit would be conducted exactly the same as if the patient and provider were in the same room, but the videoconferencing units allow them to be thousands of miles apart.” www.telemed.org/consumer/whatis.asp

Clinical Applications

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Personal Health Record (PHR) – A record detailing an individual’s health and healthcare across providers. It is owned and managed by the patient, allowing “people to access and coordinate their lifelong health information and make appropriate parts of it available to those who need it—in essence, a ‘communications hub’ controlled by the patient. Offering patient-empowering features such as online appointment calendars, patient-provider messaging, and the capability for patients to view and annotate their health records, the PHR has the potential of leveraging information to provide new avenues for measuring health and service outcomes over time. Conceivably, PHRs will also help to forge the important link between the provision of information and improved health.” http://www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk/newsroom/worldview/protti7

Presentations
•Health Care Technology: A History of Clinical Care Innovation examines the evolution of Health Information within the context of clinical care.1
•In the John Paul Chakackal article Health Information Systems 2, he defines Health Informatics and describes its various applications.
•Dr. William Hersh provides a good overview of Health Informatics and its contribution to improving healthcare in Medical Informatics 3.
•Integration and Beyond4 from the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association provides a more technical inspection of the successive generations of work related to Health Informatics and integration between healthcare disciplines.
•Michael Herrick and Andrew Patterson discuss the changing landscape and trends surrounding healthcare in Trends in Health Information Management 5.
•Mullner and Chung discuss Current Issues in Health Care Informatics6.

Clinical Applications

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Sources For Presentation Material Referenced Above
1.Johnson, R. (2003). Health Care Technology: A History of Clinical Care Innovation. Retrieved from http://www.hctproject.com/documents.asp?grID=321&d_ID=1687
2.Chakalackal, J. P. (2001). Health informatics. Retrieved on May from http://www.ihsnet.org.in/HealthInformatics/HealthInformatics.htm
3.Hersh, W. R. (2002). Improving health care through information. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(16), 1955-1958.
4.Stead, W. W., Miller, R. A., Musen, M. A., & Hersh, W. R. (2000). Integration and beyond. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 7, 135-145.
5.Herrick, M. W. & Patterson, A. (2000). Megatrends you need to know about (Healthcare trends special report). Journal of AHIMA, 71(5), 26-31.
6.Mullner, R. M. & Chung, K (2006). Current Issues in Health Care Informatics. Journal of Medical Systems, 30(1), 1-2

Additional Required Reading

The First Consulting Group (2003). Online Patient Provider Communication Tools: An Overview.

George Marshalek, & Steve Casey. (2003, February). Pain-Free CPOE. Health Management Technology, 24(2), 25-27. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 282605201).

Clinical Applications

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Ross, C., & Banchy, P. (2007, November). The Key to CPOE. Health Management Technology, 28(11), 22, 24. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1380726941).

Paul C. Tang, & David Lansky. (2005). The Missing Link: Bridging The Patient-Provider Health Information Gap. Health Affairs, 24(5), 1290-1295. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 899710641).

Hillestad R., Bigelow J., Bower A., Girosi F., Meili R., Scoville R., Taylor R. (2005). Can Electronic Medical Systems Transform Health Care? Potential Health Benefits, Savings and Costs. Health Affairs, 24 (5): 1103-1117. http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/24/5/1103

Open Clinical (n.d.). Electronic Medical Records, Electronic Health Records. http://www.openclinical.org/emr.html

AHQR (n.d.). Computerized Provider Order Entry. Retrieved from http://www.psnet.ahrq.gov/primer.aspx?primerID=6

medic exchange.com (n.d.) Improvement in Telemedicine has great impact. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
Module Overview

Clinical Applications

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Computers in healthcare are recognized and accepted worldwide. Their use and application in areas such as clinical care, administration, and research, and as diagnostic aids for improving overall patient care, is well steeped in history.

Health information technology allows healthcare organizations to comprehensively manage medical information securely so it can be used by various organizations, providers, and consumers. The broad use of health information technology makes health organizations more efficient and provides better care for the patient. As technology is evolving, the management of health records is also evolving to respond to the needs of the consumer, provider, and organization.

As technology has continued to advance, new and more specialized healthcare disciplines and areas of medical science emerge. Likewise, medical data, information, and knowledge have grown exponentially in terms of both abundance and complexity; so has the need for a discipline and profession to manage them—Health Informatics.

Clinical Applications

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Health Informatics is concerned primarily with the processing of data, information, and knowledge across all areas of healthcare. It is a rapidly growing medical discipline and profession that has profound implications for the future and quality of patient care.

In this module, we will examine the history of healthcare information systems and Health Informatics as an emerging profession, along with internal and external forces affecting its evolution. We will also identify various healthcare disciplines and examine their connection to Health Informatics. We will also explore current and emerging tools that are used in healthcare

Clinical Applications

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By admin in Essays on March 13, 2017